1B), where Al atoms concentrate at GBs without forming a detectable phase.
To inhibit the intercrystalline reactions, we proposed modifying GBs of Li metal anodes by constructing aluminum (Al)–based heteroatom-concentrated grain boundary (Al-HCGB Fig. The reactions are inclined to occur at GBs preferentially, because the Li at GB has higher energy than the Li at the crystal plane ( Fig. Li metal anode was used as a typical anode owing to its unique ability to construct high–energy density batteries (over 350 Wh kg −1 at a cell level). In this contribution, the effect of GB of anodes on the reaction process between anodes and electrolytes was disclosed. This work opens a new avenue to explore the effect of the surface microstructure of anodes on the interfacial reaction process and provides an effective strategy to inhibit reactions between anodes and electrolytes for long–life-span practical lithium batteries. In particular, the scalable preparation of Al-HCGB was demonstrated, with which the cycling performance of a pouch cell (355 Wh kg −1) was significantly improved. An aluminum (Al)–based heteroatom-concentrated grain boundary (Al-HCGB), where Al atoms concentrate at grain boundary, was designed to inhibit the intercrystalline reactions. The reactions preferentially occur at the grain boundary, resulting in intercrystalline reactions.
Here, the effect of grain boundary of lithium metal anodes on the reactions was investigated. Occurring on polycrystal surface, the reaction process is inevitably affected by the surface microstructure of anodes, of which the understanding is imperative but rarely touched. The life span of lithium batteries as energy storage devices is plagued by irreversible interfacial reactions between reactive anodes and electrolytes.
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